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This report presents the results of a friendly competition for formal verification of continuous and hybrid systems with artificial intelligence (AI) components. Specifically, machine learning (ML) components in cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as feedforward neural networks used as feedback controllers in closed-loop systems, are considered, which is a class of systems classically known as intelligent control systems, or in more modern and specific terms, neural network control systems (NNCS). We broadly refer to this category as AI and NNCS (AINNCS). The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in 2024. In the 8th edition of this AINNCS category at ARCH-COMP, five tools have been applied to solve 12 benchmarks, which are CORA, CROWN-Reach, GoTube, JuliaReach, and NNV. This is the year with the largest interest in the community, with two new, and three previous participants. Following last year’s trend, despite the additional challenges presented, the verification results have improved year-over-year. In terms of computation time, we can observe that the previous participants have improved as well, showing speed-ups of up to one order of magnitude, such as JuliaReach on the TORA benchmark with ReLU controller, and NNV on the TORA benchmark with both heterogeneous controllers.more » « less
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This report presents the results of a friendly competition for formal verification of continuous and hybrid systems with artificial intelligence (AI) components. Specifically, machine learning (ML) components in cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as feedforward neural networks used as feedback controllers in closed-loop systems are considered, which is a class of systems classically known as intelligent control systems, or in more modern and specific terms, neural network control systems (NNCS). We more broadly refer to this category as AI and NNCS (AINNCS). The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in 2021. In the third edition of this AINNCS category at ARCH-COMP, three tools have been applied to solve seven different benchmark problems, (in alphabetical order): JuliaReach, NNV, and Verisig. JuliaReach is a new participant in this category, Verisig participated previously in 2019 and NNV has participated in all previous competitions. This report is a snapshot of the current landscape of tools and the types of benchmarks for which these tools are suited. Due to the diversity of problems, lack of a shared hardware platform, and the early stage of the competition, we are not ranking tools in terms of performance, yet the presented results combined with 2020 results probably provide the most complete assessment of current tools for safety verification of NNCS.more » « less
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